Nayaab by Ashhar

Both Mutual Funds (MFs) and Fixed Deposits (FDs) are popular in India, but they serve different purposes . Here’s a clear comparison: 1. Definition FD: You deposit money in a bank or NBFC for a fixed period and earn guaranteed interest . MF: You invest in a pool of stocks, bonds, or a mix, managed by professionals. Returns are market-linked and not guaranteed. 2. Risk FD: Very low risk. Your principal and interest are guaranteed . MF: Risk varies. Equity funds have higher risk , but debt or hybrid funds are moderate to low risk . 3. Returns FD: Provides fixed returns , typically 5–7% per year (in 2026). MF: Returns depend on fund type: Equity funds: 12–15% long-term average Debt funds: 6–8% Hybrid funds: 8–12% 💡 Mutual funds generally have higher potential returns over the long term, but they are not guaranteed like FDs. 4. Liquidity FD: Moderate. You can withdraw early, but usually with a penalty . MF: High. You...

Passive income is money you earn with little ongoing effort once the setup is done. Unlike a salary, it can keep coming even while you sleep. The key is start small, be consistent, and diversify . 🧠 Step 1: Understand Your Goals & Risk Before investing or building assets, ask yourself: Why do you want passive income? (Retirement, financial freedom, extra cash) How much can you invest upfront? How much risk are you willing to take? 📌 High risk = higher potential returns; low risk = slower growth but safer. 🏦 Step 2: Build an Emergency Fund First Passive income requires time and patience . Don’t risk your essentials. ✔ Save 3–6 months of expenses in a safe place (savings account, FD) ✔ Only invest surplus money 📈 Step 3: Start with Small Investments Begin with assets that generate steady income : 1️⃣ Fixed Income FDs / Recurring Deposits → interest monthly/quarterly Bonds / PPF → government-backed, safe, long-term 2️⃣ Dividend St...

Investing is one of the smartest ways to grow your money over time — even if you start small. This guide covers low-risk to moderate-risk options that beginners can consider. 🏦 1. Savings Account / Fixed Deposits (FDs) 💡 What it is Bank products that offer fixed interest on your savings. 📌 Best for ✔ Emergency fund ✔ Short-term goals (6–12 months) ✔ Low risk 📊 Pros Simple & safe Guaranteed returns Easy to open ⚠ Cons Returns are relatively low Interest may not beat inflation ✔ Ideal if you want risk-free safety for your savings 📈 2. Public Provident Fund (PPF) 💡 What it is A government-backed, long-term savings plan. 📌 Best for ✔ Long-term goals (retirement, home) ✔ Safe, tax-friendly investing 📊 Pros ✔ Tax benefit under Section 80C ✔ Attractive interest rate ✔ Safe (government-backed) ⚠ Cons ❌ 15-year lock-in (partial withdrawals after 7 years) ✔ Great for disciplined long-term investing 🧠 3. Employee Provident F...

Saving money on a low income is hard—but not impossible . You don’t need a high salary; you need clarity, discipline, and smart habits . Small changes can create big results over time. 🧠 1. Change the Mindset: Save First, Spend Later Don’t wait to save what’s left at month-end (there’s usually nothing left). ✔ Decide a fixed amount (even ₹500–₹1,000) ✔ Save it as soon as salary comes 📌 Saving is a habit, not an amount. 📊 2. Track Every Rupee You Spend You can’t save what you don’t track. Do this for one month: Rent Food Travel Mobile & internet Small daily expenses (tea, snacks) 💡 Use a notes app or free expense tracker. 🏠 3. Control Fixed Expenses First Fixed costs eat most of a low salary. Reduce where possible: Share a room or PG if you can Use basic internet & mobile plans Avoid unnecessary subscriptions Walk or use public transport 📌 Fixed expenses = biggest saving opportunity. 🍚 4. Cut Food Costs (Without...

VLAN is a very important concept in networking, especially in ISP, broadband, and fiber networks . If you’ve ever heard terms like VLAN ID, service VLAN, or tagged traffic , this guide will make it easy to understand. 🧩 What Is VLAN? VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a technology that allows a single physical network to be divided into multiple logical networks . 📌 In simple words: 👉 VLAN separates traffic even though devices are connected to the same switch or cable. 🏠 Simple Real-Life Example Imagine a large apartment building : One physical building Different flats (A, B, C…) Even though everyone uses the same structure, each flat is isolated . 👉 VLAN works the same way in networks. 🔢 What Is a VLAN ID? Each VLAN has a unique number , called a VLAN ID (1–4094). Example: VLAN 10 → Internet VLAN 20 → IPTV VLAN 30 → VoIP Traffic is separated using these IDs. 🏷️ What Is VLAN Tagging? When data passes through a network, a VLAN...

Network issues are common—slow internet, no connection, or “limited access” errors. If you’re a beginner in networking, don’t panic. Most problems can be solved by following simple, logical steps . 🔍 Step 1: Identify the Problem Clearly Before fixing anything, ask: Is the internet slow or completely down ? Is it affecting one device or all devices ? Is it Wi-Fi only or LAN also ? 📌 This helps narrow down the root cause. 🔌 Step 2: Check Physical Connections Many issues are hardware-related. ✔ Ensure Ethernet cables are plugged in properly ✔ Check for damaged or loose cables ✔ Confirm router, modem, ONT, or switch has power ✔ Look for blinking indicator lights 💡 No lights = power problem 🔄 Step 3: Restart Network Devices This solves 80% of basic issues . 🔁 Restart in this order: Modem / ONT Router Switch Computer / Mobile Wait 30–60 seconds before turning devices back on. 📶 Step 4: Check Wi-Fi Connection If Wi-Fi is not work...